Mechanical motion



June 17, 1924. Y. 1,498,099

y C. H. HOWLAND-SHEARMAN MECHANICAL MOTION Filedoct. 21. 192a 3sheets-sheen @mm A Y AT EY.

June 17 1924. 1,498,1:99

C. H. HOWLAND-SHEARMAN MECHANICAL MoTIou 4 Filed Oct. 21. 1920 3Sheets-Sheet 2 June 17 1924. 1,498,099

' C. H. HOWLAND-SHEARMAN l MECHANCAL MOTION Filed Oct. 2l. 1920 3Sheets-Sheet 5 WITNESS: m l I N VEN TOR.

. ATTOR Y.

Patented une 1.7,v 1924.

UNITED siA'ri-:sy

CHARLES H. HownANn-SHEARMAN, or INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA.

MECHANICAL MOTION.

Application led October 21, 1920. Serial No. 418,455.

v To all wlwm' z't may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLEs H. HovvLAND- SHEARMAN, a citizen of theUnited States, residing at Indianapolis, in the county of e Marion andState of Indiana, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inMechanical Motions, of which the following is a specification. y

The objects of my invention are as fol- 1o lows: First, to supply amechanicalmotion of simple linkage construction adapted to deliver avery great pressure through a relatively short distance, which motion-shall be adaptable'to use as a substitute for much la more complicatedand `expensive mechanisms of gears, screws or cams, in the constructionof various machinery, such as jacks, punches, presses, stump-pullers,etc.; second, to provide a mechanical motion of such construction, thatit shall be adapted to deliver its highest pressure at the start of itsactuation, and to gradually reduce that 'pressure during the deliverylstroke of the motion, thus rendering my-1nvention especially valuablefor use 1n heavy punches and similar machines, where the resistance ofthe material cut is excessive at the beginning of the stroke, but islprecipitatelyreduced as the stroke of the mechanism progresses; third,

to furnish a generally adaptable pressureintensifying mechanical motionof such -simplicity of construction that it may be utilized inrelatively small spaces, so as to accomplish an augmentationy ofpressure equal to that of the elaborate bulky mechanisms hithertonecessary, thus adapting my invention to use in constructions where thelimitations of space would otherwise render its mechanical functionunattainable.'

I attain these objects by the employment of articulated tractor-levers,the effectof which is to deliver a powerful pulling effort like that ofa funicular machine as distinctly opposedvto thepushing effort of apress or toggle. The difference in the mechanical arrangement of theparts ofv my invention and those of a toggle is also fundamental. Thetoggle. as defined by mechanical authorities, comprises a joint formedof bars so hinged together that when at rest' the two parts form a abend called the' knuckle, whereas my invention comprises a joint formedof barsy so hinged together that when at rest the two parts form astraight line with their plate and provided with a socket member,

three articulating pins all centering in what is commonly known toengineers as the infinite plane. The eifect of this latter arrangementis to impart a theoretically infinite, and actually very great kineticeiliciency to my mechanical motion at its starting position, whenbeginning to pull its bars out of said infinite plane, by theapplication of power to its central knuckle-pin.

I accomplish the objects stated by means of the arrangement illustratedin the accompanying drawings, in which, l

Figurel, is a side elevation of an example of my invention mounted upona framesuited to the introduction of a handle for actuating themechanical motion, the invention beingshown with its parts in theposition occupied upon the completion of a stroke;

Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the same mechanism illustrated in Fig. 1,but showing the parts thereof in the positions occupied at j thebeginning ofthe stroke; Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of an example of myinvention, illustrating the mode of its application to the constructionof a high-power jack, taken as a longitudinal section on the line 3 3,Fig. 4, looking in the direction of the arrows, and showing particularlythe method of attachment' of the same mechanical motion illustrated inFigs. 1 and 2 to the ram of said jack for the actuation of the latter;Fig. 4 is a transverse section through the same jack, taken upon theline 44, of Fig. 3,' looking in the direction of the arrows; Fig. 5 is aview taken partly in section on the line 5 5, Fig. 3, looking in thedirection of the arrows, showing the vertical set of articulatedtractor-levers used in my mechanical motion, as applied to said jack;

and Fig. 6 is an illustration showing the method of incorporating mymechanical motion in the construction of a'pu-nch, foi` the purpose ofproducing the high intensica- -tion of pressure required for thepunchingof metals, the machine being'shown with its 10o partsin the positionoccupied at the end of thestroke just as a blank, which has been punchedout of a plate lying upon the dieblock, is seen droppin-g out ofthelatter.

Similar numerals refer to similar parts throughout the several views.

Referring to Figs. l and 2, lis the primary actuatin member of mymechanical motion, journa ed on the pivot 2, supported uponthesframe-plate 3, Said actuating-"110 Fig. 6.

member 1 may either bevmade bent as shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3, orstraight as shown in The inner end of the actuating member 1, isprovided with a fork 6, which is adapted to receive the connecting-link7, to which it is pivoted'by the pinv8 in said fork.. The

Ilevers 37. Said delivery-arm 12 is preferably made duplex, as indicatedin Fig. 5,

and is commonly articulated near theextremity opposite to saidknuckle-pin 13, forming the central articulation between vthe sus nsionarm 14, journal'ed on the secon ary suspension-pin 15, and the deliveryarm 16 of the high-pressure secondary tractor-levers 17. The extremityof said high-pressure secondary tractor-levers opposite to thesuspension pin 15,' is articulated by the delivery pin 18 to thedelivery member 19, journaled on the fulcrum-pin 20 in the frame-'plate3. Said delivery member 19 is intended todeliver the extreme pressurefrom my mechanicalmotion to such remaining parts ofA the mechanism asare required to be actuated thereby, land it may be made either bent asshown in Figs. 1, 2,

- and 3, or straight as shown lin Fig. 6. Said` delivery member 19 isconnected near itsinner extremity'by the pin 21 to any suitable form ofram or punch-block such asin.-Figs. 1, 2, 3, and '6, for deliveringpower or actuating the tool which may be operated by anyv machineimbodying my mechanical motion. Said ram 45 preferably slides in a guide22, as shown in Figs. 2 and 6, and

' when my motion is used to actuate such a able springs as 2,8'and 47,

tool as a jack, as shown in Fig. 3, the pressurev from the pin 21 may betransmitted through a yoke as 46 having journaled therein duplexratchetpins 23 mounting duplex lifting-pawls 24 adapted to engageduplexratchets 25 made on the face of said ram 45. The motion communicated tosaid ram may be incrementally locked during the regress thereof byduplex fixed lockingpaw 26, mounted on the fixedv pins 27 secured in theframe-plate 3, all of Vsaid lifting vandflockin'g pawls being normallyheld in contact with the. ratchets 25 by any' suittively socketed inlugs as 48 and'49 as shown in Fig. 3.

In 'the case of a jack, there may also be provided a manually operabletoggle detachmg-device as 29, .journaled on pivots 30 in thelifting-pawls 24, by the strax htening' of which said pawls may bewithdgrawnA from contact with the ratchets 25 and locked outofengagement; and the top of the fork 6 ef the actuating member-kmq' beclosed like a slot and bear integrally the extension 50 provided with anauxiliary fork,v as 51 engaging by a demountable pin as 31 u forkedwalking-link as 32,'provided with on the ram 45, as indicated in Figs. 3and 4, a dash-pot cavity 53 is bored in the lower r half length-wisethrough said ram into which may be fitted an elongatedV dash-potplunger. as 54, having its shouldered reduction 55 firmly secured in thebase-boss 56, upon which latter the telesoo ing ram is 'adapted to cometo rest.. An alr-hole as 57,

ins provided in the dash-pot cavity 53 giving ingress and egress of thecushioning air to the atmosphere. It is obvious that numerousalternative arrangements may be substituted for the one indicated inFigs. 3 and 4, in the ada tation of my mechanical movement to a jack',but the one so indicated has been found exceptionally powerful. It -istherefore presented as a desirable example.

When my mechanical motion is incorpo'- .to neutralize shock in loweringa load rated in the construction of a punch as indiv cated in Fig'.6,its mode of operation is in no essential sense different than when itis employed in a jack as indicated in Figs. 3, 4, and 5, except that insuch adaptation it is found convenient toposition horizontally thelow-pressure primary tractor-levers 37 journaled on the primarysuspension-pin 11 ixedin the frame-plate 3, and to position verticallythe high-pressure secondary tractor levers '17, journaled on thesecondary suspension-pin 15,; in order to conveniently convert thestroke of the horizontal actuating member 1 into a vertical deliverystroke on` the ram 45. .Ina such an adaptation of my mechanical motion,the 'delivery member 19 pivoted upon the fixed pin 20 in saidframe-plate 3 is made straight instead of bent asin the adaptationsshown in Figs. 2 and 3, and is articulated by the delivery-pin 18, tothe delivery arm 16 of the secondary tractor-levers 17. The extremity ofsaid de livery member 19 oppositeto the suspension pin 20, as shown inFig. -6. may also b e articulated by the pin 21 toa ram-link as 38.

having its lower end joined bv a pin as 39 te the ram 45 sliding in theguides 22. On said ram V45 may be carried any suitable tool as.

the punch' 40 registering with the die 41 seated in the die-block 42made in said' -frame-plate 3 so as to adapt said tool 40 to' `5 insertedin the socket 4 as shown in said illustration.

It is evident that my mechanical motion is adaptable to a Wide varietyof machines other than the jack and punch shown in theaccompanyingdrawings as illustrations of its use, its peculiar actionbeing such that it is capable of successful utilization in any mechanismWhere excessive pressure is required to be exerted in a small compassfor a relatively short distance, or in machines Where it is desired toavoid the excessive cost of the large screw, gear, or cam constructionswhich it would be necessary to employ in order to produce a pressure atequal speed to that obtainable from my invention.

' The physical properties manifested in the operation of my mechanicalmotion are exactly the inverse of the properties manifested in theoperation of a toggle. In the case of the llatter the actuating power isapplied to the toggle knuckle when it is at its farthest bent positionand the mechanism develops its lowest kinetic efficiency at thisstarting position, and its highest kinetic efficiency at its completingposition when the toggle has become substantially straightened. Thisrenders a toggle essentially unelo adaptable to such` Work as punching,jackmg, etc., Where the greatest resistance is experienced at the startand the least at the: finish of the stroke. It is true that toggles,

though so manifestly unsuited for such utilization, have beenextensively employed especially on punches, but such machines havedepended upon flywheels for overcoming the inefficiency of the toggles.Qn the contrary, the arrangement of inter-articulated sets oftractor-levers employed in my mechanical motion is such that each set oftractor-levers develops its greatest kinetic efficiency in thestraight-line starting position of its stroke and gradually reduces itskinetic efficiency as the tractor-levers bend in making their stroke.This quality especially adapts'my mechanical motion to use in allmachines Where the extreme resistance is experienced 's at the beginningof the stroke and the minimum resistance is experiencedl at the end ofthe stroke as in punching; and enables tools in which my motion isincorporated to dispense with the fiywhee'ls4 hitherto used forovercoming the inefficiency of such mechanisms because of inversion oftheir mechanical advantage. or kinetic efiiciency, as related to theItime which the highest resistance from the material being Workedisfexpericured in their operation, due to their dependence upon gears,toggles or similar devices for effecting the required ydelivery ofpressure. v

Having thus described my invention, I claim:

1. Combined in a mechanical motion, a frame; an actuatingimemberpivotally supported upon said frame; a connecting member articulated tosaid actuating member; a primary set ofv tractor-levers pivotallysuspended at its fixed end upon said frame, havin the knuckle pinthereof commonly artcu ated to said connecting member at the endthereof. opposite to its articulation to said actuating member; asecondary set of tractor-levers pivotally supported at the fixed endthereof upon said' frame, having the intermediate knuckle thereofarticulated commonly upon the end-pin `of the movable end of saidVprimary set of tractor-levers; and a delivery member pivotallysupported upon said frame, and articulated to the delivery-pin of themovable end of said secondary set of tractor-levers and having the .ingone ofits component.'l links fixed, a lever operated bythe other saidcomponent link vof the second tractor-lever and an actuated memberadapted to be reciprocated by the last lever, substantially as setforth.

' 3. A mechanical motion comprising a pivoted actuating lever adapted tobe moved through an arc, a tractor-lever operated thereby having one ofits componentlinks fixed, a second tractor-lever disposed at rightangles to the first said tractor-lever and operated by the other of itssaid component links, said second tractor-lever having one of itscomponent links fixed, a lever operated by the other said component linkof the second tractor-lever and an actuated member adapted to bereciprocated by the lastlever the greatest force being delivered to theactuated member at the beginning of the reciprocation, substantially asset forth. '4. A mechanical motion comprising an actuating lever, a Ytractor-lever operated lthereby having .one of. its component links iso'fixed-, a second traetor-lever o other. component link of the rated by'the my hand and seal at Indianapolis, Indiana, rst said trao. this 16thday of October, A. D. nineteen 10 tor-lever, 'said .'secondtractor-lever having hundred and twenty.

one of its links fixed, a lever operated by the i other link and anactuated member adapted 7 to be reciprocated by the last lever,substantially as set `forth. v In witness whereof, I have hereunto .set

cHARLFS H. Howummmm; [1.. s.]

I Witnesses A CAREIS. FRYE, M. L. Sama.

